Language policy plays a pivotal role in preserving cultural identity and fostering national development, especially in linguistically diverse nations such as Nigeria. In spite of the provisions of the National Policy on Education (NPE), indigenous languages remain significantly underutilized and marginalized in formal domains, including education, governance, and the media. This paper critically examines the evolution and implementation of Nigeria’s language policies, identifying persistent gaps in legislative backing, teacher preparation, curriculum integration, and language documentation. Employing sociolinguistic and ecological perspectives, the study underscores the limitations of symbolic policy formulations that lack practical enforcement mechanisms. Particular attention is given to the 2022 policy revision, assessing its potential to promote linguistic equity. The paper offers concrete recommendations, including enforceable legal frameworks, robust teacher education programs, inclusive curriculum design, and comprehensive documentation of indigenous languages. It argues that sustainable revitalization of Nigeria’s linguistic heritage requires systemic and coordinated efforts across educational, political, and sociocultural spheres.